The Dead Sea: A Century of Decline and Human Impact

The Dead Sea is not just the lowest point on Earth, sitting over 430 meters below sea level. It’s also one of the saltiest bodies of water in the world and home to a rich history of culture, health, and geology. However, in recent decades, this iconic lake has been shrinking rapidly, raising global concern about water sustainability, regional cooperation, and the cost of unchecked environmental exploitation.

In 1930, the Dead Sea’s surface area was around 1,050 square kilometers. By 2020, it had dropped to approximately 605 square kilometers, a loss of more than 45%. This dramatic shrinkage can be seen in satellite images comparing the lake from the past century to the present day.

North vs. South: A Sea Divided

In 1979, the Dead Sea effectively split into two distinct basins:

• The northern basin continues to hold natural water, although its levels decrease annually by around one meter.
• The southern basin dried out almost completely and was converted into industrial evaporation ponds used by Jordanian and Israeli companies to extract minerals like potash and bromine.

These ponds are economically valuable, but they also contribute to the ecological decline of the lake and alter the natural landscape significantly.

Root Causes of the Decline

• Significant reduction in inflow from the Jordan River due to damming and water diversion for agriculture and drinking use.
• Over-extraction of water from the Sea of Galilee, which historically fed into the Jordan River.
• High evaporation rates intensified by climate change and consistently low rainfall in the region.
• Extensive mineral harvesting operations that consume large amounts of water in the south.

As water levels recede, the surrounding terrain becomes unstable, leading to a rise in dangerous geological events.

Sinkholes and Environmental Damage

One of the most alarming consequences has been the appearance of over 1,000 sinkholes across the area. These sinkholes collapse suddenly, swallowing roads, farmland, and even tourist infrastructure. Entire communities have had to shift development plans due to this unpredictable threat.

Arabic Version Dead Sea sinkholes.

Is There a Way to Save It?

One ambitious proposal is the Red Sea–Dead Sea Water Conveyance Project. Backed by the World Bank, it proposes transferring seawater from the Red Sea to the Dead Sea via a canal. The goal is to stabilize water levels and generate hydroelectric power and desalinated water along the way. Despite its promise, the project faces major political, financial, and ecological hurdles.

Looking Ahead

The Dead Sea’s story is not just a local issue—it’s a global warning. It illustrates the effects of short-sighted water management, industrial exploitation, and a warming planet. Regional cooperation, sustainable planning, and global awareness are essential if this natural wonder is to be preserved.

Do you believe the Dead Sea can be saved? Share your thoughts and help spread awareness about this global environmental issue.